In a second paper 10 the same authors adopted a similar approach, but using a minicolumn packed with PVC beads instead of bare tubing. This reviewer must confess to being somewhat surprised by the efficacy of PVC tubing as an SPE medium, however, the authors obtained spike recoveries of between 88 and 107%. In this way, using segmented flow preconcentration, temporal changes in Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn concentration could be measured in vivo at sub μg L −1 levels. The flow-rate was only 20 μL min −1 so a micro-flow nebuliser was necessary for ICP-MS detection. Elution was achieved with 0.2% nitric acid. The lab-on-a-valve (LOV) system was designed to operate by taking segmented flow samples of microdialysate and adjusting the pH by 1 + 3 dilution with 40 mM phosphate buffer to optimise absorption of metal ions onto orange/green PVC peristaltic tubing (48 cm long × 0.38 mm i.d.). 9 have incorporated non-functionalised PVC tubing as the SPE medium for online analysis of living rat brain microdialysates using ICP-MS. Micro-extraction (namely SPME) methods were reviewed (82 references) by Deng et al., 8 in combination with MS methods of detection, including a short section on coupling with ICP-MS.īuilding on their previous work, Su et al. One of their conclusions is that micro-extraction and automated methods are becoming more important, particularly in the clinical field where high throughput of small samples is a requirement for routine diagnostic tests. Over the last few years methods involving automation, MNPs, ILs and micelles have been the most often reported novel developments, as a recent review (69 references) by Lum et al., 7 focusing on clinical samples, details. Sample pre-concentration using this approach has been around for a long time, so there is very little of obvious novelty. Sample introduction 1.1 Liquidsġ.1.1 Sample pre-treatment. Coincident analytical techniques between these fields is likely to produce useful advances in the analysis of nuclear materials. An overlap is emerging between the measurement of uranium isotope variation in natural systems and the U isotope determination for the nuclear forensic or monitoring/safeguarding fields.
Double spiking is an expanding method to neutralise instrumental and procedural mass-dependent fractionation in both stable and radiogenic isotope systems.
#Elcad halogen emission driver
The use of MC-ICP-MS is the driver behind advances in the isotope ratio analysis of natural stable isotopes of metallic elements.
The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has attracted interest as a compact, low-power, microplasma source for MS and AES, following the trend for all things miniature, as well as for direct analysis of liquids. Single particle analysis by ICP-MS and ICP-AES has been used to gain some valuable insights into the atomisation and ionisation processes occurring in the ICP, as well as providing a means of quantification of nanoparticles. A number of variations on this approach have also been developed in order to improve sensitivity by amplification of the signal, particularly for polynucleotide analysis. This has advanced to the stage where it is now routinely used as an assay technique. One of the major developments which has gained traction over the past few years is the use of elemental tagging for the relative and absolute quantification of biological molecules using ICP-MS. 2–6 A critical approach to the selection of material has been adopted, with only novel developments in instrumentation, techniques and methodology being included. It should be read in conjunction with the previous review 1 and the other related reviews in the series. It covers atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry, but excludes material on speciation and coupled techniques which is included in a separate review. This review covers developments in ‘Atomic Spectrometry’.